When Nothing Else Works
If standard cleanup has failed, the next steps are: force a System Data recalculation by updating iOS, toggle iCloud Photos off then on, delete the largest Messages attachments individually, reset network settings to clear phantom caches, and finally backup-and-restore the iPhone as a last resort. A backup-and-restore strips away accumulated System Data cruft and often frees 5 to 20 GB that no other method could reach. Before going nuclear, try Swype Photo Cleaner for a fast library triage and make sure Recently Deleted is empty.
Fix 1: Update iOS
A iOS point update often triggers iOS to recalculate System Data, which can drop by several gigabytes. Settings, General, Software Update. Even if you are already on the latest version, check anyway: a new point release may have landed this week.
Fix 2: Toggle iCloud Photos
If optimize is on but photos are still eating too much space, toggle iCloud Photos off and back on. This forces iOS to rebuild the local cache from scratch. Warning: this requires an internet connection and can take several hours on large libraries. Do it while plugged in on Wi-Fi overnight.
Fix 3: Delete Message Attachments
Messages silently hoards gifs, photos, and videos from group chats. Settings, General, iPhone Storage, Messages. Tap Review Large Attachments and swipe left to delete the worst offenders. On a heavy texter's phone, this can recover 10+ GB.
Fix 4: Reset Network Settings
This is a surprising one. Network settings cache includes DNS, captive portal data, and VPN configs that can bloat over time. Settings, General, Transfer or Reset iPhone, Reset, Reset Network Settings. You will need to re-enter Wi-Fi passwords, but storage often drops by a few hundred megabytes.
Fix 5: Backup and Restore
This is the nuclear option and it almost always works. Back up your iPhone to iCloud or a Mac, then erase the iPhone (Settings, General, Transfer or Reset, Erase All Content and Settings). When you set it up again, restore from the backup. System Data, caches, and accumulated junk are all rebuilt from scratch. Free space often increases by 5 to 20 GB.
Plan on 60 to 120 minutes for the whole process. Make sure your backup is current and verified before starting.
Fix 6: Set Up As New
The absolute last resort is restoring as a new iPhone, not from backup. This wipes everything and gives you the cleanest possible device. Only do this if a restored backup still has storage problems, and make sure your photos are safely in iCloud or on an external drive first. Most users never need to go this far.